Terahertz Ultra Strong Coupling for mAcromolecules structure aNalYse & control

MacroMolecules (e.g Proteins, DNA) carry out most of the functions of the living and these functions come from their 3D-structure. For instance, foldopathy like Alzheimers and Parkinsons disease are caused by misfolding of proteins. Modifying this structure non-invasively is consequently a tremendous challenge for both microbiology research and applications.Besides, light-Matter strong coupling (SC) occurs when a material is located at a high density of state of a photonic mode resonant with one of its transitions. Extensively studied in optics and quantum physics, SC recently gave exciting results in chemistry with the demonstration of its ability to change the product ratio of several chemical reactions.Experimental and theoretical results unveil that macromolecules have delocalized vibrations over their whole 3D-structure in the Terahertz (THz) range. Therefore, one can ask if the functions of macromolecules can be modified by implementing strong coupling on the vibration of macromolecules in the THz.In Tuscany, I will develop /nano THz photonics devices and experiments to establish reliable methods for macromolecules THz spectroscopy from cryogenic to body temperatures on samples from the single macromolecules to the cell culture. Then, I will demonstrate vibrational SC in the THz on these samples. Finally, I will demonstrate that the function of macromolecules, including catalysis and macromolecules assembly can be modified by selectively coupling individual vibrational modes from the single macromolecules up to in vivo experiments with prion propagation and viral capsid assembly.My overall aim is to understand in detail the vibrational strong coupling in the THz range for macromolecules and make it a useful tool for biochemists and biophysicists. In the longer term, I hope this knowledge will seed the design of new approaches in biology leading to medical treatments impeding the proteins aggregation and ultimately the evolution of the foldopathies.